| 江攀和,陈磊,梁峰,唐广,陈冲.钼镍矿渣自燃防治方法研究及应用[J].贵州地质,2025,42(3):386-395 |
| 钼镍矿渣自燃防治方法研究及应用 |
| Research and Application on Prevention and Control Methods of Molybdenum-Nickel Slag Self-ignition |
| 投稿时间：2025-07-07 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 自燃 钼镍矿渣 防治方法 钻孔注浆 工程检验 黔北 |
| 英文关键词:Self-ignition Molybdenum nickel slag Prevention and control methods Drilling and grouting Engineering inspection Northern Guizhou |
| 基金项目:贵州省地矿局地质科研项目(黔地矿科〔2022〕20号)；中央资金项目(GZBS-2022-03) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 钼镍矿渣矿物成分复杂，富含黄铁矿、炭质等，在自燃过程中会释放出大量的硫化氢及一氧化碳等有毒有害气体，这不仅对周边大气环境造成污染，还对矿渣堆附近居民的生产生活构成重大威胁。为有效解决钼镍矿渣自燃问题，本文通过系统分析与对比不同矸石自燃防治方法的优缺点及适用性，采用钻孔测温、孔口与孔底气体检测以及矿物成分分析等技术手段，精确圈定了注浆范围；结合钼镍矿渣自燃机理及其自燃主要影响因素，最终以黏土和石灰为主要注浆材料，基于“机理分析-过程阻断-生态恢复”的治理框架及“切断供氧通道”的治理思路，采取“钻孔注浆+覆土”的综合治理措施对研究区内自燃钼镍矿渣开展了工程治理。该项目实施半年后，通过现场浅层测温显示，地表以下01 m及10 m水平区域内的温度较治理前显著下降，最大降幅达到41℃，地表温度已基本恢复至环境本底水平，治理效果显著，为植被的正常生长提供了良好的基础保障。该工程治理项目的成功实施，为今后类似矿区开展矿渣自燃综合防治工作提供了可复制的技术路径和实践经验。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The mineral composition of molybdenum-nickel slag is complex with abundant pyrite, carbonaceous matter, etc. During the self-ignition process, it will release a large amount of toxic and harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon moNOxide, which not only pollutes the surrounding atmospheric environment but also poses a major threat to the production and life of residents near the slag heap. In order to effectively solve the problem of self-ignition of molybdenum-nickel slag, in this paper, it systematically analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages as well as the applicability of different gangue self-ignition prevention and control methods. By using technical means such as borehole temperature measurement, gas detection at the borehole mouth and bottom, and mineral composition analysis, the injection range was accurately determined. Combined with the self-ignition mechanism of molybdenum-nickel slag and its main influencing factors, the final injection materials were ensured to be clay and lime mainly. Based on the governance framework of ‘mechanism analysis - process interruption - ecological restoration’ and the governance idea of ‘cutting off the oxygen supply channel’, the comprehensive governance measures of ‘borehole grouting + soil covering’ were adopted to carry out engineering governance on the self-ignition of molybdenum-nickel slag in the study area. Half a year after the implementation of the project, the shallow temperature measurement on site showed that the temperature in the horizontal areas 0.1m and 1.0m below the ground surface decreased significantly compared with that before the governance, with the maximum decrease reaching 41℃. The surface temperature has basically returned to the background level of the environment, and the governance effect is significant, providing a good foundation for the normal growth of vegetation. The successful implementation of this engineering governance project provides a replicable technical path and practical experience for the comprehensive prevention and control of slag self-ignition in similar mining areas in the future. |
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