贵州省沿河县耕地土壤酸化现状及改良对策

夏瑞; 谢东明; 张与伦

夏瑞,谢东明,张与伦.贵州省沿河县耕地土壤酸化现状及改良对策[J].贵州地质,2020,37(3):409-415

贵州省沿河县耕地土壤酸化现状及改良对策

Soil Acidification Status of Cultivated Land and Improvement Countermeasures in Yanhe County，Guizhou Province

投稿时间：2020-04-27

DOI：

中文关键词: 耕地土壤酸化现状沿河

英文关键词:Cultivated land Soil acidification The status quo Yanhe County

基金项目:

作者	单位
夏瑞	贵州省地矿局101地质大队，凯里556000
谢东明	贵州省地矿局101地质大队，凯里556000
张与伦	贵州省地矿局101地质大队，凯里556000

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中文摘要:

土壤酸化是耕地退化的一种表现形式，在酸性、强酸性土壤中，多数农作物的生长会受到影响，会明显降低作物的生产能力。本文通过对比沿河县1980—1981年第二次土壤普查和2017—2019年耕地质量地球化学调查评价成果数据，分析全县土壤酸化现状和规律。结果表明，全县耕地土壤pH值分布于399880之间，平均为610。与1980—1981年第二次土壤普查时期相比，全县主要耕地土壤类型pH平均值均有下降，其中黄壤pH值降幅为591%；石灰土降幅为759%，从中性下降为酸性；紫色土降幅为2209%，从碱性降为酸性；全县主要土地利用类型土壤酸化范围变大，主要从中性转化为酸性，酸性转化为强酸性，耕地土壤酸化程度加深，水田酸化程度高于旱地。建议通过推进测土配方施肥工作合理调整化肥施用比例，大力提高耕地土壤有机质含量，积极推广使用石灰、白云石、粉煤灰、碱渣、生物质碳等生物改良剂，因地制宜建立土壤改良示范点等多项对策来缓解和治理耕地土壤酸化。

英文摘要:

Soil acidification is a manifestation of cultivated land degradation. In acidic and strongly acidic soil, the growth of most crops will be affected and the productivity of crops will be significantly reduced. In this paper, the status and law of soil acidification in Yanhe County were analyzed by comparing the results of the second soil survey from 1980 to 1981 and the cultivated land quality geochemical survey and evaluation from 2017 to 2019. The results showed that the pH value of cultivated soil in the whole county ranged from 399 to 880, with an average value of 6.10. Compared with the second soil survey period from 1980 to 1981, the average pH value of all the main cultivated land types in the county decreased, among which the pH value of yellow soil decreased by 5.91%. Lime soil decreased by 7.59% from neutral to acid. Purple soil decreased from alkalinity to acidity by 22.09%. The scope of soil acidification of the main land use types in the county increased, mainly from neutral to acid, acid to strong acid, the degree of soil acidification of cultivated land deepened, the degree of paddy field acidification was higher than that of dry land. Recommended by advancing measurement work reasonably adjust soil fertilizer fertilizer proportion, vigorously improve the soil organic matter content, actively promote the use of limestone, dolomite, fly ash, alkaline, biomass carbon, such as biological modifier, adjust measures to local conditions to build the demonstration pilot project of soil improvement and so on many countermeasures to relieve the farmland soil acidification and governance.

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